5^th World congress on Chemical Engineering and Catalysis August 28-29, 2018 Holiday Inn Paris – Marne La Vallée | 2 boulevard du Levant, 93160 Noisy-le-grand, Paris, France

Materials Science and Engineering, involves the discovery and design of new materials.  Many of the most pressing scientific problems humans currently face is due to the limitations of the materials that are available and, as a result, major breakthroughs in materials science are likely to affect the future of technology significantly. Materials scientists lay stress on understanding how the history of a material influences its structure, and thus its properties and performance. All engineered products from airplanes to musical instruments, alternative energy sources related to ecologically-friendly manufacturing processes, medical devices to artificial tissues, computer chips to data storage devices and many more are made from materials. The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy.

The interdisciplinary field of Materials Science, also commonly termed Materials Science and Engineering, involves the discovery and design of new materials, with an emphasis on solids. The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical thinking from chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand ancient, phenomenological observations in metallurgy and mineralogy.

Nano chemistry can be characterized by concepts of size, shape, self-assembly, defects and bio-Nano; So, the synthesis of any new Nano-construct is associated with all these concepts. Nano-construct synthesis is dependent on how the surface, size and shape will lead to self-assembly of the building blocks into the functional structures; they probably have functional defects and might be useful for electronic, photonic, medical or bioanalytical problems. Nano Materials and Nanoparticle examination is right now a region of serious experimental exploration, because of a wide range of potential applications in biomedical, optical, and electronic fields. Nanotechnology is helping to considerably develop, even revolutionize, different technology and industry sectors: information technology, Renewable energy, environmental science, medicine, homeland security, food safety, and transportation, among others. Regenerative nanomedicine is one of the medical applications of nanotechnology. It ranges from the medical applications of nanomaterials to Nanoelectronics biosensors, and the future applications of molecular nanotechnology, such as biological machines. Nanomedicine sales reached $16 billion in 2015, with a minimum of $3.8 billion in nanotechnology R&D being invested every year.

Polymer Science and Engineering is an engineering field that designs, analyses, or modifies polymer materials. A Polymer is a large molecule or a macro molecule which essentially is a combination of many sub units. The term polymer in Greek means ‘many parts’.

Polymers have the capacity to solve most of the world's complex problems like Water purification, energy management, oil extraction and recovery, advanced coatings, myriad biomedical applications, building materials, and electrical applications virtually no field of modern life would be possible without polymeric materials. Polymer chemistry is combining several specialized fields of expertise. It deals not only with the chemical synthesis, Polymer Structures and chemical properties of polymers which were esteemed by Hermann Staudinger as macromolecules but also covers other aspects of Novel synthetic and polymerization methods, Reactions and chemistry of polymers, properties and characterization of polymers, Synthesis and application of polymer bio conjugation and Polymer Nano composites and architectures. Polymers are a highly diverse class of materials which are available in all fields of engineering from avionics through biomedical applications, drug delivery system, bio-sensor devices, tissue engineering, cosmetics etc. and the improvement and usage of these depends on polymer applications and data obtained through rigorous testing. The application of polymeric materials and their composites are still increasing rapidly due to their below average cost and ease of manufacture.

The study of Transport Phenomena concerns the exchange of mass, energy, charge, momentum and angular momentum between observed and studied systems. Transport phenomena involve fluid dynamics, heat transfer and mass transfer, which are governed mainly by momentum transfer, energy transfer and transport of chemical species respectively. Models often involve separate considerations for macroscopic, microscopic and molecular level phenomena. Modelling of transport phenomena requires therefore requires an understanding of applied mathematics. Transport phenomena have wide application. For example, in solid state physics, the motion and interaction of electrons, holes and phonons are studied under "transport phenomena". Another example is in biomedical engineering, where some transport phenomena of interest are thermoregulation, perfusion, and microfluidics. In chemical engineering, transport phenomena are studied in reactor design, analysis of molecular or diffusive transport mechanisms, and metallurgy.

Instrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control of the process variables within a production or manufacturing area. The process variables used in industries are Level, Pressure, Temperature, Humidity, Flow, pH, Force, Speed etc

Control Engineering or control systems engineering is the engineering discipline that applies control theory to design systems with desired behaviours.

Instrumentation and Control plays a significant role in both gathering information from the field and changing the field parameters, and as such are a key part of control loops. The Instrumentation Technology, being an inter-disciplinary branch of engineering, is heading towards development of new & intelligent sensors, smart transducers, MEMS Technology, Blue tooth Technology.

Modelling and simulation is the use of models – physical, mathematical, or otherwise logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process – as a basis for simulations – methods for implementing a model over time – to develop data as a basis for managerial or technical decision making. Using simulations is generally cheaper, safer and sometimes more ethical than conducting real-world experiments. Simulation-based optimization integrates optimization techniques into simulation analysis. Because of the complexity of the simulation, the objective function may become difficult and expensive to evaluate.

Once a system is mathematically modelled, computer-based simulations provide information about its behaviour. In physics-related problems, Monte Carlo methods are useful for simulating systems with many coupled degrees of freedom, such as fluids, disordered materials, strongly coupled solids, and cellular structures. Agent-based modelling is related to, but distinct from, the concept of multi-agent systems or multi-agent simulation in that the goal of ABM is to search for explanatory insight into the collective behaviour of agents obeying simple rules, typically in natural systems, rather than in designing agents or solving specific practical or engineering problems.

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Some of the more common soil contaminants are chlorinated hydrocarbons (CFH), heavy metals (such as chromium, cadmium–found in rechargeable batteries, and lead–found in lead paint, aviation fuel and still in some countries, gasoline. Pollution prevention describes activities that reduce the amount of pollution generated by a process, whether it is consumer consumption, driving, or industrial production. In contrast to most pollution control strategies, which seek to manage a pollutant after it is formed and reduce its impact upon the environment, the pollution prevention approach seeks to increase the efficiency of a process, thereby reducing the amount of pollution generated at its source. Although there is wide agreement that source reduction is the preferred strategy, some professionals also use the term pollution prevention to include pollution reduction. Few significant classifications of Pollution Control are Air Pollution Control, Air Quality, Emission Tax, Environmental Management, Environmental Policy,

An industrial safety system is a countermeasure crucial in any hazardous plants such as oil and gas plants and nuclear plants. They are used to protect human, industrial plant, and the environment in case of the process going beyond the allowed control margins. As the name suggests, these systems are not intended for controlling the process itself but rather protection. Process control is performed by means of process control systems (PCS) and is interlocked by the safety systems so that immediate actions are taken should the process control systems fail.

In the U.S. there are 170 major chemical companies. They operate internationally with more than 2,800 facilities outside the U.S. and 1,700 foreign subsidiaries or affiliates operating. The U.S. chemical output is $750 billion a year. The U.S. industry records large trade surpluses and employs more than a million people in the United States alone. The chemical industry is also the second largest consumer of energy in manufacturing and spends over $5 billion annually on pollution abatement. In Europe the chemical, plastics and rubber sectors are among the largest industrial sectors. Together they generate about 3.2 million jobs in more than 60,000 companies. Since 2000 the chemical sector alone has represented 2/3 of the entire manufacturing trade surplus of the EU. The chemical industry has shown rapid growth for more than fifty years. The fastest growing areas have involved the manufacture of synthetic organic polymers used as plastics, fibres and elastomers. Historically and presently the chemical industry has 380 3134 13523 Companies Chicago USA Globe been concentrated in three areas of the world, Western Europe, North America and Japan (the Triad). The European Community remains the largest producer area followed by the US and Japan.

Chemical Engineering is a multi-disciplinary branch of engineering in which Designing, manufacturing and operating plants and machinery for carrying out large-scale industrial, chemical, biological or related processes  or Developing new substances for a wide range of products combines natural and experimental sciences (such as chemistry and physics), along with life sciences (such as biology, microbiology and biochemistry) plus mathematics and economics to design, develop, produce, transform, transport, operate and manage the industrial processes that turn raw materials into valuable products.

Many of the processes within chemical engineering involve chemical reactions, and the field takes cues from chemists who are looking for new ways to create products and to investigate the mechanisms within chemical reactions. Chemical engineers then translate this chemical information to formulate designs.

Chemical engineers may be specialized in one or the other subgroup, but work from both side will be required in order to create a final product. They will need to consider economic viability, management of resources, health and safety, sustainability and environmental impact.

Heat transfer is the process of transfer of heat from high temperature reservoir to low temperature reservoir. In terms of the thermodynamic system, heat transfer is the movement of heat across the boundary of the system due to temperature difference between the system and the surroundings. The heat transfer can also take place within the system due to temperature difference at various points inside the system. The difference in temperature is ‘potential’ that causes the flow of heat and the heat itself is called as flux.

Heat exchangers are devices built for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to another. They are widely used in engineering processes and include examples such as intercoolers, preheaters, boilers and condensers in power plants. Heat exchangers are becoming more and more important to manufacturers striving to control energy costs.

Chemical Reaction Engineering is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place. Every industrial chemical process is designed to produce economically a desired product from a variety of starting materials through a succession of treatment steps.

The driving force for mass transfer is typically a difference in chemical potential, when it can be defined, though other thermodynamic gradients may couple to the flow of mass and drive it as well. A chemical species moves from areas of high chemical potential to areas of low chemical potential. Mass transfer is used by different scientific disciplines for different processes and mechanisms. Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, Crysatllization, membrane filtration, and distillation. Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of the mixture. Absorption is the process in which a fluid is dissolved by a liquid or a solid (absorbent). Adsorption is the process in which atoms, ions or molecules from a substance (it could be gas, liquid or dissolved solid) adhere to a surface of the adsorbent.

Fluid Mechanics is the branch of science that studies the behaviour of fluids when they are in state of motion or rest. Whether the fluid is at rest or motion, it is subjected to different forces and different climatic conditions and it behaves in these conditions as per its physical properties. Fluid mechanics deals with three aspects of the fluid: static, kinematics, and dynamics aspects. Industrial Applications of Fluids :

1. Hydroelectric Power Plants
2. Hydraulic machines
3. Refrigerators and Air Conditioners
4. Automobiles
5. Thermal Power Plants
6. Nuclear power plants
7. Fluids as a Renewable Energy Source
8. Operating Various Instruments
9. Heat Engines

Around 75% of chemical manufacturing processes involve small solid particles at some point. Proper design and handling of these fine particles often makes the difference between success and failure of the product. Many products such as catalysts, pigments, fertilizers, cements, ceramics and pharmaceuticals are currently manufactured in particulate forms. Mechanical Operations deal with Science and Technology of particulate matter, which is a multidisciplinary field including Materials Science, Environmental, Biomedical, Aerospace, Agricultural, Chemistry, Microbiology and Cell Science, Pharmacy and Medicine. Mechanical operations are those unit operations that involve physically changing a material. Although this generally refers to a change in size (reduction or enlargement) or shape, it is not limited to that. Mechanical operations also include separation of material based on physical/mechanical properties like density, size, wettability, etc.

In general change of state of a thermodynamic system results from existence of gradients of various types within or across its boundary. Thus, a gradient of pressure results in momentum or convective transport of mass. Temperature gradients result in heat transfer, while a gradient of concentration promotes diffusive mass transfer. Thus, if internal or cross-boundary gradients of any form as above exist with respect to a thermodynamic system it will undergo change of state in time. The result of all such changes is to annul the gradient that in the first place causes the changes. This process will continue till all types of gradients are nullified.

Physical Organic Chemistry is the study of the relationship between structure and reactivity of organic molecules. More specifically, physical organic chemistry applies the experimental tools of physical chemistry to the study of the structure of organic molecules and provides a theoretical framework that interprets how structure influences both mechanisms and rates of organic reaction.

Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

Biochemical Engineering is an essential area in modern biotechnology. Biochemical Engineering includes Bioreactor and fermenter design aspects, Industrial biotechnology, Photo Bioreactor Electrochemical Energy Conversion, Biological Hydrogen production (Algae), Biofuel from algae, Bioreactor landfill, and Moss bioreactor.

Biochemical Engineers translate exciting discoveries in life sciences into practical materials and processes contributing to human health and well-being. Biochemical engineering is mainly deals with the design and construction of unit processes that involve biological organisms or molecules, such as bioreactors. Its applications are in the petrochemical industry, food, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and water treatment industries.

Environmental engineering and Elementary Biology is something that you can get a degree in these days, but the field is one that existed long before it had a name, begun at the dawn of civilization when we started modifying our environment to meet our needs. It involves applying science and engineering practices to how we utilize and impact our natural resources. Modern environmental engineers work on solutions to issues like pollution reduction and clean-up, energy consumption and emissions, land erosion, water treatment and waste management to properly manage and maintain the quality of our soil, water and air. They strive to keep everyone healthier and happier by helping us live off the land more efficiently and less destructively. Environmentally Benign Catalysis: Over the past 22 years, Catalysis by Heteropolyacids (HPAs) has received wide attention and led to new and promising developments both at academic and industrial level. Heterogeneous catalysis is particularly attractive because it generally satisfies most of green chemistry’s requirements. By emphasizing the development of third generation catalysts, this volume presents trends and opportunities in academic and industrial research. Dealing with Low-pressure oxidative carbonylation of aniline, Clean combustion (catalyst challenges) and Zeolite technologies for a greener environment, this Conference appeals to postgraduates, researchers, and chemists working in the field of environmentally benign catalysts as well as catalytic processes.

The crystallization process consists of two major events, nucleation and crystal growth which are driven by thermodynamic properties as well as chemical properties. Crystallization, the process of solidifying from solution, is highly complex. Seed particles or nuclei form in the solution and other molecules then deposit on these solid surfaces. Crystallization is based on the principles of solubility: compounds (solutes) tend to be more soluble in hot liquids (solvents) than they are in cold liquids. If a saturated hot solution can cool, the solute is no longer soluble in the solvent and forms crystals of pure compound. Impurities are excluded from the growing crystals and the pure solid crystals can be separated from the dissolved impurities by filtration.

Many compounds have the ability to crystallize with some having different crystal structures, a phenomenon called polymorphism. The DTB crystallizer has an internal circulator, typically an axial flow mixer – yellow – pushing upwards in a draft tube while outside the crystallizer there is a settling area in an annulus; in it the exhaust solution moves upwards at a very low velocity, so that large crystals settle and return to the main circulation while only the fines, below a given grain size are extracted and eventually destroyed by increasing or decreasing temperature, thus creating additional supersaturation.

Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, to identify unknown compounds within a sample, and to elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. The complete process involves the conversion of the sample into gaseous ions, with or without fragmentation, which are then characterized by their mass to charge ratios (m/z) and relative abundances.

This technique basically studies the effect of ionizing energy on molecules. It depends upon chemical reactions in the first step in the mass spectrometric analysis of compounds is the production of gas phase ions of the compound, basically by electron ionization. This molecular ion undergoes fragmentation. Each primary product ion derived from the molecular ion, in turn, undergoes fragmentation, and so on gas phase in which sample molecules are consumed during the formation of ionic and neutral species.